Telomeres and Tumors Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Telomeres and Tumors - Research Paper Example At once, the DNA at the finishes of chromosomes appeared to be static. However in many creatures that have been examined, the tips, called telomeres, are quite transforming; they abbreviate and stretch repeatedly† (Glieder and Blackburn). Since the previous fifteen years, there have been surprising discoveries, regarding this change. Getting to the particulars, it has prompted the revelation of theastonishing catalyst, telomerase that follows up on telomeres and is viewed as a pre imperative for the upkeep of disease in individual. Geneticists, Barbara McClintock, of University of Missouri at Columbia, and Hermann J. Muller, from the University of Edinburgh, are credited with having accomplished broad work on the mind boggling subjects of telomeres and telomerase. These researchers workedunconnectedly and with disparate creatures, anyway them two understood that chromosomes were balanced out by a unique part on their finishes. â€Å"Muller instituted the term telomere, from th e Greek for end (telos) and part (meros). McClintock noticed that without these end tops, chromosomes stick to each other, experience basic changes and get into mischief in different manners. These exercises compromise the endurance and dedicated replication of chromosomes and, subsequently, of the cells lodging them.† (Glieder and Blackburn). ... â€Å"The watched heterogeneity drove Blackburn, who had moved to the University of California at Berkeley, Jack W. Szostak of Harvard University and Janis Shampay of Berkeley to propose another answer for what has been known as the end-replication problem† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"In 1972 James D. Watson, working at both Harvard and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, noticed that DNA polymerases, the chemicals that duplicate DNA, couldn't duplicate straight chromosomes right to the tip. Consequently, the replication hardware needed to leave a little locale toward the end (a bit of the telomere) un-copied.† (Glieder and Blackburn). Hypothetically, if the phones couldn't repay for this accident, chromosomes would diminish in their particular lengths, with each degree of mitosis. The consumption consequently killing the telomeres and risky qualities in some gathering of the phones. The varieties in the length of telomere, for the researchers, were a pointer that cells m aintain telomeres at a consistent size, or possibly they attempt to. The telomeres decline long during mitosis, yet their length additionally increments as newly shaped subunits connect themselves to them. â€Å"The specialists associated that the source with these extra rehashes was some unfamiliar protein fit for a stunt that standard DNA polymerases couldn't perform.† (Glieder and Blackburn). â€Å"When cells duplicate their chromosomes, which comprise of two strands of DNA bent around one another, they start by isolating the twofold helix. The polymerases utilize each of these parentstrands as a format for developing another accomplice. The unique compound the laborers imagined would have the option to manufacture expansions to single strands of DNA without any preparation, without advantage of a current DNA template.† (Glieder

Recruitment, Selection and Training Process in McDonalds Essay

Enlistment, Selection and Training Process in McDonalds - Essay Example Compelling strategic policies, successful item separation procedure, talented workers and noteworthy client administrations are the center abilities of McDonalds. The HRM division of McDonald’s has attempted to keep up solid work environment condition through powerful HRM strategy usage. A viable authoritative structure, noteworthy HR strategies including enrollment and choice approaches and forms, and reasonable preparing and improvement program for the representatives bring have gotten proficiency the business procedure. Being one of the main MNCs, it is the duty of the association to keep up a sound working environment condition. The investigation will concentrate on enlistment, choice and preparing and advancement practices of McDonalds. Besides, the examination will feature the advantages of these SHRM rehearses. Enrollment Process Recruitment process assists with recognizing the necessities of associations to utilize some person up direct at which the types of utilizatio ns for the proper posts have shown up in the association (Arthur, 2012, p.32). Enlisting representatives to fill specific posts inside a business firm should be possible through inner and outer procedure. Usage of Steps and Stages Employing s reasonable individual in the reasonable spot at proper time is important for the main associations so as to rehearse powerful authoritative performances.... Execution of Steps and Stages Employing s reasonable individual in the reasonable spot at proper time is essential for the main associations so as to rehearse powerful authoritative exhibitions. Along these lines, it tends to be expressed that enrollment is one of the significant SHRM exercises. A powerful enrollment procedure should join following advances. McDonalds need to assemble data about the idea of the activity. The association ought to be educated about the activity obligation and its viability in the structure of the association. McDonalds need to create both occupation property and individual profile. The association needs to think about fitness, abilities, experience and information as the enrollment standards. At that point it is the obligation of the association to locate the appropriate candidates or people for the activity profile (Bowman, West and Wart, 2012, p.121). Staff referrals, work sharing and progression arranging can assist with finding the candidates. The enlistment procedure can be partitioned into two classifications, for example, outer and inner enrollment. Dealing with the application procedure is a key enlistment step. It is the last enrollment process. The enrollment chiefs need to screen all the application structures and continues of the candidates so as to sift through the appropriate candidates. Last however not the least; enrollment process redistributing will be a compelling procedure. It will push the association to minimiz4e time, cost and exertion. McDonalds need to actualize RPO so as to get speed and viability the enrollment procedure. Advantages of Recruitment Process Allocating opportune time and reasonable assets to choose the appropriate individual for a particular activity job have a few beneficial outcomes on the business procedure of an association. With

Market Security Valuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Security Valuation - Essay Example Features of Market Development in the Past Week Survey on ISM producing enrolled a development of 1.0. The development expanded moved from 53.4 to 54.4 recommending that assembling division has a consistent development (Payden and Rygel). FOMC Minutes posted a negative development in the market concerning past patterns. The market concern has concentrated on probability of FOMC Minute tumbling off in second quarter in 2012. ISM Non-Manufacturing overview enrolled a moderate development in the most recent month. The overview showed the patterns at 56.0 up from 57.0 and further 1.3, a tumble from February patterns, which remained at 57.3. Be that as it may, the pattern doesn't make any course of alert. Beginning Jobless Claims has posted a solid hold from the past pattern with 357,000 cases a week ago (Payden and Rygel). The perception recommends a proceeded with descending pattern. The budgetary market report proposes that the market is advancing admirably in light of the fact that an expansion in number of jobless going into the finance recommends a development in the currency advertise. The pattern recommends that a further drop in jobless case would happen when the market stays stable. The activity information recommends an improvement in US financial basics. Much of the time, increment in jobless cases means that incapacitating business sector. Major Global Releases and their Impacts Europe stock went somewhere around - 2.47%. Eastern Europe markets enlisted shifted results in the market. A review on the Manufacturing Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI) showed an improvement in first quarter of 2012. An overview in Hungary’s PMI showed an upward pattern from 51.2 to 56.8 (Payden and Rygel). Experts accept the pattern watched was a direct result of increment sought after from outside players in the long stretch of March. Czech Republic enrolled a development in PMI from 50.5 to 52.1because of new requests and higher readings. Poland posted a deteri orated outcome as watched 50.0 to 50.1. The likely purpose behind the above outcome is the utilization conduct in the household showcase and prior shortcomings saw in the Euro territory (Baker& Nofsinger 554). The normal pattern for the PMI was over fifty, which a positive imprint is thinking about the patterns in the last quarter of 2011. Worldwide Currencies and Bonds Global bonds didn't post a functioning outcome during the week. Numerous financial specialists are hypothesizing to see the patterns in the following week. German Bund and Short dated UK Gilt didn't enroll any difference in showcasing patterns in Bank of England and ECB (Payden and Rygel). Spanish market showed an expanded obtaining due to selling of Spanish Government obligations. The perception will in general propose that Spanish can't tackle its financial issues without looking for fiscal help from IMF or EU. Further, perception shows that pressures made in the Spanish market impacted Portuguese and Italian o bligation markets. Then again, sovereign yields were solid over Bund in this week’s advertise. US cash picked up in the money advertise versus significant monetary forms in the US hold. Experts recommend that March FOMC US Federal Reverse’s meeting had a stake in the quantitative facilitating. The Draghi’s remark had an impact on debilitating of EUR. Australian dollar enrolled a persistent debilitating of greenback. The pattern has impacted Reserve Bank of Australia to make consistent rates hypothesizing of the progressions that are probably going to happen in the coming months. Developing Market Bonds The patterns saw in the market demonstrated that tight gains for rising dollar pay obligations. Standard and Poor remembered Uruguay for the Investment grade which reestablished

Vegetarian diets versus eating meat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Veggie lover eats less carbs as opposed to eating meat - Essay Example Other than the wellbeing point of view of eating vegetables, a nearby glance at the chicken creation in production line ranches gives us another explanation not to eat meat. As indicated by Scott Bronstein(1991) article on poultry investigation of the countries poultry plants, each week, a huge number of chicken releasing yellow puss, recolored defecation, debased by illnesses causing microscopic organisms, with lung, heart, and skin contaminations are delivered available to be purchased to customers. Scott proceeds with that, the winged animals are decapitated and gutted by ground-breaking machines. Defilements regularly happen now as the fast machines tear open the digestion tracts usually spilling the defecation on the meat and body holes. Such pollution is the thing that we eat the chicken we regularly buy. It's about time that people choose whether it is modest chicken or their wellbeing. I am supporting my feeling on a veggie lover diet. It a non-muddled position or choice. My supposition with respect to vegetarianism is that I support for vegetarianism, yet in addition a situation on more astute creature horticulture. It is likewise a position for the acknowledgment of a more omnivore diet. The wellbeing of our creatures items particularly production line meat is sketchy. The sullying and irregularities in following wellbeing conventions and guaranteeing the food items are of safe is a worry. In actuality, unmistakably a veggie lover diet may present less danger to our wellbeing contrasted with plant creature products.Despite the way that eating vegetable requires no utilization of dairy items, fish, fish, meat.

Real Options Theory in Strategic Management

Question: Examine about the Real Options Theory in Strategic Management. Answer: Woolworths constrained is a significant Australian organization, which has the specialization in the retailing part. The matter of this association is additionally famous in New Zealand. Eden Ackermann (2013) referenced that Woolworths is the second biggest association by income in Australia. Woolworths opened its first outlet in the time of 1924 in Sydney. Then again, Woolworths has additionally market chain in Australia possessed by Woolworths restricted. The Headquarter of this organization is at Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia. Woolworths structure a duopoly advertise in the Australian general stores, alongside the bookkeeping of 80% of the Australian grocery store. Woolworths has the specialization is the selling staple goods, for example, vegetables, natural products, meat, bundled nourishments and so forth. Woolworths by and by works 980 stores all through the Australia. In this association, it very well may be expressed that a portion of the Woolworths grocery stores exchange as Safeway store. The stores are situated in Victoria, comprising three outlets in Melbournes rural areas just as in the encompassing regions. Then again, four stores are additionally arranged in country area of Victoria and in the southern New South Wales. As indicated by Rothaermel (2015), it very well may be referenced that Woolworths has started steadfastness conspire, which incorporate an enormous number of motivations for buying stores by financing the petroleum costs at the Caltex Woolworths gas stations. Unexpectedly, the organization has declared lost $1.235 billion in the time of 2016. Because of the loss of $2 billion in experts business and in Big W organiza tions, the presentation of Woolworths has diminished in 2016. Recognize and assess the associations current methodology So as to examine the business procedure of an association, it is important to talk about the objective of the association. The objective of the matter of Woolworths is to offer need to the buyers of the association at the main position. To accomplish this business objective, Woolworths has planned to the five business systems. Woolworths construct a buyer and store drove culture and group. Also, it figures economical deals force in basic food item. Thirdly, this association develops beverages to the business so as to give more valuation and accommodation to the buyers. Fourthly, Woolworths enable the portfolio business to follow the association techniques so as to convey the investors valuation. Finally, Barney Hesterly (2015) opined that Woolworths become a lean retailer as far as start to finish technique. All the more explicitly, it tends to be referenced that the business methodology of Woolworths is engaged upon the three significant standards, for example, offer, development and effectiveness. According to the guideline of offer, Woolworths is improving the essential proposal to guarantee that the buyers put the organization first. The development methodology features the business advancements to accomplish the necessities of the buyers. In conclusion, the productivity is useful to make the further purchaser valuation by organizing achievement. Likewise, Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes (2015) refered to that productivity technique additionally follow to execute the lean retail model in their business. Furthermore, it very well may be expressed Woolworths has meant to the structure of retail tem, who are tuning in to the buyers, other colleagues and furthermore the providers. Along these lines, in this reason, it very well may be referenced that Woolworths constantly attempted to offer need to the partners of the association. Furthermore, the association additionally engaged to gather day by day input from the buyers, which can make the presentation of the association better from the past. Accordingly, the group of Woolworths consistently planned to improve the shopping experience of the buyers. The beverage business of Woolworths, for example, Dan Murphy and BWS consistently intended to execute development in their business so as to give the ideal valuation just as accommodation to the customers, in their outlets and in on the web. From the above figure, it very well may be seen that the business methodology of Woolworths is relying on five fundamental segments. They for the most part function as a group. In this regard, Morden (2016) referenced to keep up their collaboration, correspondence among the administration and the laborers require to be more prominent. Furthermore, they attempted to lessen the cost of the items so as to make the business effective. The buyers are happy to buy the items from this organization. In this unique situation, Frynas Mellahi (2015) opined that Woolworths constantly engaged to the new evaluating and the worth system, which can kill the opposition with Coles and Aldi. The business execution of Coles and Aldi additionally have an effect on the deals of Woolworths. Woolworths incorporate lower estimating and better going. In this manner, it very well may be referenced that the key idea of Woolworths with respect to the evaluating structure of the items can be portrayed as higher c aliber and better cost. Additionally, it very well may be noticed that to make a business fruitful, the association requires to keep update their items. Subsequently, Woolworths planned to build up their durable image so as to grow their business more in the national market just as in the worldwide markets. They likewise give their shoppers offers on the selling items. This can expand the deals of the association. Besides, Woolworths likewise offer the buyers steadfastness program. This association now and then gives limits to their clients, with the goal that they feel intrigued to buy the items from their stores. Changing business system: According to the announcement of Carroll, Primo Richter (2016), it tends to be expressed that the matter of retailing areas never stop. This is the motivation behind why Woolworths consistently change their business methodology according to the changing industry condition. It is relying on the interest of the buyers. Woolworths are reacting this new period by following three habits: They are putting their customers at the core of the association. They are listening what is the shoppers prerequisites. In conclusion, they expected to make new and inventive procedures to shop with them and make a drawn out relationship with the organization. The future exchange: Woolworths has intended to execute portable innovation in the business. In this unique situation, Stead (2013) opined that the majority of the shoppers are eager to buy the items through online rather visiting the store. Accordingly, the buyers can buy items from every one of the edge of the world. Clients need to move easily among physical and the virtual stores in this term. Furthermore, Woolworths incorporate sites, versatile applications, conveyance choices and the virtual stores. It very well may be recognized that Woolworths serves around 18 million shoppers in every one of the week and they esteem every one of the customers. The association remunerates their dependability to gain the buyers. Moreover, Woolworths intends to give special cash off suggestion. As indicated by Hubbard, Rice Galvin (2014), Woolworths reward program is the most appealing general store faithfulness program of Australia. It gives the individuals from the association the limit of winning Woolworths doll ars just as get cash off their shopping. Then again, it very well may be added that Woolworths attempted to speak with the shoppers and they listen the purchasers so as to give them need. In this reason, they attempted to take input from the customers so as to improve their presentation and the buyer encounters. Besides, Certo et al., (2016) refered to that shopper talkback is another activity. With the assistance of this methodology, the purchasers can give the criticism legitimately to the administration of Woolworths. Subsequently, a superior comprehension between the administration and the partners has created. Woolworths has built up a relationship of trust with the partners so as to make a drawn out relationship. Also, Trigeorgis Reuer (2017) referenced that this retail association concentrated on the three essential business systems, for example, cooperation, decency and the sources. Worth chain exercises of Woolworths: Woolworths statement of purpose is endeavors to give the clients the freshest items. Along these lines, all the worth making elements of this organization engaged with the conveyance of firms guarantees: Woolworths controls the circulation system of the assembling merchandise. Inside these exercises there are two compelling capacities, for example, Procurement and calculated. Acquirement Nationalize the buying conduct so as to meet the greater expense reserve funds. The rigid affirmation strategy guarantees more prominent nature of items. Calculated Proprietorship and the operational control engaged with the circulation chain. Utilizing of present day innovation, which guarantees the ideal circulation effectiveness just as the cost cutting (Davidsson, Wennberg McKelvie, 2016). The two essential exercises of activities are quality evaluation and the stock administration. Quality appraisal manages the normalize creation, which can distinguish and afterward expel the analyst items from the assembling items. Vogel Gttel (2013) opined that stock administration can anticipate whether the interest for the retail items will be expanded or diminished. So as to build deals, Woolworths principally meant to follow two exercises, for example, in store advancement and the authoritative dynamism. According to the idea off in store advancement, the association can accomplish the momentary deals, while authoritative dynamism centered to the persistent venture approach in the purchaser inquire about. The association can likewise effectively contend with the others in the market. Assess the appropriateness of the hierarchical business system So as to distinguish and assess the associations current business system of Woolworths, it is important to talk about the outside and thee interior fac

Prof. Jeff Karp and his gecko-inspired band-aid

Prof. Jeff Karp and his gecko-inspired band-aid Update on 8/19/2008: Prof. Jeff Karp has been recognized as one of Technology Reviews Top 35 Innovators Under 35 for 2008. The metallic blue hue of morpho butterflies, the super water-resistant Lotus leaf, the highly maneuverable fins of the Bluegill sunfish: all of these natural wonders have inspired scientists to innovate. When a group of MIT researchers wanted to create the next and best surgical band-aid, they turned their attention to the gecko. Geckos can scale smooth walls at a whopping three feet per second, and in last decade scientists have begun to understand how these little lizards can defy gravity. It turns out that gecko feet have millions of little projections, called setae, that split into hundreds of projections shaped like spatulas. Each of these tips can attach to smooth surfaces by taking advantage of intermolecular forces, which are individually relatively weak and unstable but can combine to generate enough force to allow a gecko to hang upside-down from one foot. The initial discovery of the science behind the gecko’s stickiness (Nature 405, 681-685 (8 June 2000)) got a lot of attention, and people proposed applications like making tape to stick equipment to the space station. But Prof. Jeffrey Karp, an investigator in the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology program, came up with a different application when he happened to come across the Nature paper on a friend’s desk. He decided to create a better surgical adhesive by mimicking the nanotopography of the gecko’s foot using a strong, water-resistant, flexible, and biodegradable polymer. This innovation would be as simple to use as a band-aid, and would be a huge improvement upon current biomedical adhesives like medical-grade crazy glue that causes inflammation and other, less sticky alternatives. Like all things, this was easier said than done. Two and half years and a million dollars later, Karp and his collaborators had made a new polymer called poly(glycerol-co-sebacate acrylate), created a mold for the polymer using the same processes that are used to make computer chips, utilized some tricks to make the polymer biodegradable and nearly invisible to the immune system, and tested these nifty band-aids on pig intestine in the lab and in the peritoneal cavity of live rats. Lo and behold, it worked! Karp attributes the success of the gecko adhesive project to a multidisciplinary team that included nanofabrication experts from Draper Laboratory, Surgeons and biocompatibility experts from the Massachusetts General Hospital, and polymer chemists and mechanical engineers at MIT. They’re now working on taking this invention into the clinic, where it can be used to replace stitches and sutures. Since the gecko-inspired adhesive does not require repeated re-alignment of the tissue being patched together, it can reduce the time a patient spends in surgery. Additionally, it can be utilized to connect pieces of the colon in patients with Crohn’s disease, or to patch lungs without worrying about air leaks, or even to deliver drugs to parts of a heart that might have died after a heart attack. If all goes well, this bio-inspired adhesive will be found in a hospital near you in less than five years. The translation from bench to bedside is what Jeff Karp’s all about. He focuses on attacking big problems and has a strong commitment to developing solutions that will help patients. Prof. Karp knew that he wanted to be a bioengineer in college, and decided to study Chemical Engineering at McGill University in order to have the opportunity to learn and practice problem solving and also leave the door open to many career paths. As an undergrad, he was actively involved with research and even published a paper. After getting a PhD at the University of Toronto, he came to MIT as a postdoctoral researcher to work in the world-renown lab of biomedical engineer and Institute Professor Robert Langer. (We’ve written about him numerous times on these blogs, including Paul’s experiences with working there. How are Langer Lab alums so successful? Karp attributes it to Langer’s inspirational leadership, his freedom of thought, and creativity.) Like his role-model, Karp strives to train the next generation of bioengineering leaders. As such, he has many undergraduates and high school students working in his lab. He tries to have 5-10 undergrads in the lab at any given time, and this summer he will be mentoring three high school students who will be coming to MIT from all over the country. In fact, he was recognized as MITs 2008 UROP Faculty Mentor of the Year! I spoke with one of his UROPs, Shan Tie ‘10, who said she found the lab through the UROP website: “I looked under the project openings and looked for titles that were relevant to my interests and were interesting. I had several interviews with different labs and I finally decided this one because the [Principal Investigator] seemed really personally involved with each project and work itself dealt with techniques I was familiar with and could continue a project.” Since the fall of 2007, she has been studying hydrogel polymers that could be used as micro-environm ental sensors. For all of you who fret about not having research experience, have no fear. Dr. Karp hires freshman very frequently and says that experience is not a limiting factor. In particular, he tries to find students who have motivation, drive, passion, the ability to work in a team (e.g. experience on a sports team), and creativity (e.g. mastery of an instrument). Once students join the lab, he pairs them with a senior scientist and encourages them to develop their own experiments, learn from their failures, and regularly exercise critical thinking. Karp referred to a friend who called Boston the “Academic Hollywood,” where stars in every field could be found. With three of the top hospitals in the world and some of the best universities, Boston is the perfect place to conduct interdisciplinary research that will change the face of medicine, science, and technology. Projects like the gecko-inspired surgical adhesive are a testament to the strength of the faculty and students at MIT, and you can be a part of it!

Cost-Benefit Analysis matrix - 1650 Words

Cost-Benefit Analysis matrix (Essay Sample) Content: Project ManagementName:Course:Instructor:Date: Cost-Benefit Analysis matrix Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is considered before adopting a new human resource information system (HRIS), and this takes into account the cost implication related to acquisition of service and the benefits (Director, Cascio Boudreau, 2013). Organizations that choose outsourcing the payroll system instead of the existing internal payroll system are more likely to have cost reductions and better revenue enhancements, if the process of sourcing is aligned with the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s needs. Since the employees are focused on other equally important aspects of the business, they are able to be more productive by engaging in other activities outsourced the payroll system. Another direct cost reduction is that there are fewer penalties associated with later filing of taxes, this is especially in cases where there are either incorrect or late filings. In any case, outsourcing involves compete nt staff who specialize indifferent areas and they are better placed avoid penalty notices. The outsourcing company facilitates online filing system as well as reimbursement, potentially saving the company time and costs to follow-up on reimbursements. At the same time, the outsourced company can act as an agent of the organization and improve branding while also displaying the logo of the organization on access pages. Through integrating the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s human resource information system, the outsourced company relies on technology to improve productivity and improving the Return on Investment (ROI) (HR Focus, 2005). This is especially important for companies with limited technology, where it is easier to outsource to a company that has better suited payroll software and updated tax filing systems.Risks in integrating new payroll system and risks mitigation One of the risks associated with integrating the new payroll system is that there is difficulty in data integrati on (Jennifer, 2007). This challenge may affect the organization especially when the employees are not well conversant with the new payroll system. At the same time, the systems may be incompatible in some areas, while the older version of the payroll system may still not be well suited to capture new changes in the payroll system. The users of the payroll system should ideally be able to use and generate relevant information using the integrated payroll system. At the same time, when there is resistance to change, implementing and integrating the new system may be harder to achieve, making it unlikely that there will be effective data integration. Even though integrating the new payroll system seeks to improve the effectiveness and efficiency, there is an element of implementation task. The implementation risk affects the way the employees are able to integrate the new features without facing major difficulties in using the payroll system (Jennifer, 2007). There is a need to underst and the duration, components as well as the complexity of the new system before there is improved implementation. Both change and tradition management are essential to the success of the integrated system. Managing the implementation risk also seeks to improve the running of the system to avoid delays at work. Another risk that may occur over time is the ongoing risks related to the system maintenance over the time when the system will be in place. In order to further improve the payroll system effectiveness, there is a need for further upgrades, patching as well as ongoing maintenance. Essentially, the ongoing risk results from uncertainties about the future and likely changes that should be taken into account when improving performance in a work environment with uncertainties. In any case, additional functionality requirements cannot be reliably predicted as technology changes over time, while it is also important to monitor changes related to the service levels. In order to re duce the impact of implementation risk, then there is a need to focus on training as well as planning to facilitate proper integration with the existing system. At the same time, open communication should be encouraged to improve the working environment and collaboration with employees and suppliers. Conducting an HR audit also aligns employment practices with goals (Anonymous, 2007). To ensure that there is a better data integration, the project team needs to ensure that there is proper transition management allowing the staff to transition smoothly from one system to the other. To mitigate the ongoing risks, the management needs to improve monitoring of ongoing costs, staffing levels and functionality requirements in line with the changing human resource management system needs. Gantt chart (project schedule) for outsourcing the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s payroll system The Gantt chart will give an overview of the work flow in the payroll system, while also itemizing steps to be undertak en in creating the payroll system. The Gantt chart facilitates tracking of tasks as well as identification of missing steps or bottleneck activities. Study process This involves understanding the payroll policies to facilitate successful implementation of a project.Documentation This takes into account documentation of payroll process procedures on a monthly basis as well as using past reports and pay slips to design the payroll system.Giving recommendation The outsourced company then gives recommendation best practice to in order to improve efficiency, while also customizing the systems.Designing input forms This involves collaboration with the client with the client using the forms to facilitate payroll processing depending on the client needs.Schedule preparation This takes into account the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s payroll transactions to facilitate better integration,Requirement findings This task involves gathering functional information on past reports as well as statutory requirem ents and documenting requirements.Data conversion This focuses on defining the tasks and deliverables necessary for converting employee database, while also defining the requirements needed for the conversion.Test running This task assesses whether the payroll captures the relevant information and is accurate, and this is possible by comparing results with that of the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s past payroll application.TrainingThe outsourced company provides training to potential client users.Implementing Implementation occurs upon running the system and ensuring that the payroll system is suitable for the company.Advantages of using a Gantt chart versus PERT) and critical path method (CPM)The Gantt chart helps in scheduling activities allowing one to understand dependent activities as well as schedule parallel tasks (Johnson et al., 2006). Even though, PERT and CPM cal also show the time taken in different tasks, the Gantt chart allows one to assess the progress of a project better than th e other two techniques. Additionally, this facilitates the setting of realistic time frames as activities that do not benefit the project are excluded as they consume unnecessary resources and time. Another benefit of the Gantt chart over CPM and PERT is that it is highly visible making it easier to understand and identify the objectives of the project through visual representations (MilosÃÅ'Å’evicÃÅ' , 2003). Disadvantages of using a Gantt chart versus PERT) and critical path method (CPM)While using the Gantt chart it is harder to assess the resources and tasks required, and hence the approach does not capture all the relevant information to improving project management. On the other hand, the critical path analysis does focus on time in individual tasks. Since projects do change there is a need to update the Gantt chart, but it is more involving to update the Gantt chart when taking into account the changes in the dependent tasks (MilosÃÅ'Å’evicÃÅ' , 2 003). The Gantt charts are suitable for small projects, unlike PERT they do not show uncertainty during activities, and hence are not applicable for larger projects. At the same time, the approach does not show activity dependency unlike the network analysis techniques, since Gantt shows merely depict the scheduled activities.Feedback loops and the new payroll system Feedback relates to information in a system that helps in making changes to the in...

Interview About My Grandma And My Pastor - 1307 Words

For this assignment, I chose to interview my grandma and my pastor. My grandma (my dad’s mom) lives in Yakima, Washington and is 80 years old. My pastor is 65 years old and lives in Duncan, Oklahoma. My grandma said this interview was fun and made her think. She lost her husband when she was 71 years old. She lives alone and is responsible for all of her personal care needs such as hygiene, house cleaning, and yard work. She has a neighbor from her church that helps her with any work that involves using a ladder. Her grocery shopping and meal preparation hasn’t changed too much, but she tries to eat healthy and is a lifetime member of weight watchers. She had her left knee replaced and is having her right one done this summer. Her knees†¦show more content†¦She lives by honesty and integrity. She tries to please and honor God in all she does. The best age of her life was 47. She moved to Edmonds, Washington, had a great job, and went on a trip to Hawaii with her parents and both of her brothers. She was also in good health and able to still run a marathon. The president she admires the most is Ronald Regan because he lifted the spirits of the nation and was also h er governor in California. My pastor’s answers are very diverse from my grandmas. He is responsible for all his personal care needs, but his wife does the cooking and cleaning. He does not have any trouble doing these things. His grocery shopping and eating habits have not changed. The only body change he has noticed is that his body aches more and his joints are stiff and inflamed. He takes anti-inflammatory medication everyday along with extra strength Advil to manage knee pain. He goes to the doctor about 4-5 times a year. His social life hasn’t changed much. He and his wife pastor our church so they are very social and they also have a small ranch. They are extremely busy people and he says he works more now than he did 10 years ago. He is not retired and he doesn’t intend to retire. He said he doesn’t do a whole lot of activities because most of his time is spent in the church or on the ranch. His exercise consists of manual work everyday; working with cattle, plowing cropland, building corrals, fencing, and gardening. He said â€Å"you name it, there is plentyShow MoreRelatedReflection About Religious Beliefs1868 Words   |  8 Pagesdefault. My parents grew up in a time and place where it was seemingly the only option. Growing up, religious traditions, like praying, were often very cursory in nature. However, I never doubted my parents’ belief in a higher power. My religious beliefs have been shaped by many events and moments of self-reflection. Today, I look back and I can see just how much the actions and beliefs of different people has shaped what I believe today. The people I will focus on in this essay are my grandmother

Being Transgender And Being Transracial - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 895 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Transgender Essay Did you like this example? Over the years gender has been a problem in our society that we cannot avoid. We live in a society based on two and only two sex categories (male and female) leading to sex itself being a socially constructed category. Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristic of men and women, such as roles, norms and relationships of and between them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Being Transgender And Being Transracial" essay for you Create order Many questions come into play on what does sex mean in terms of your gender role as a man or a woman? Betsy Lucal writes about her lived experiences with gender bending, where a persons physical appearance does not fit in the two acceptable sex categories and whether you try not to do gender, others will do it for you. This paper illustrates why I agree with Lucals argument, an objection to Lucals argument and being transgender doesnt mean you can be transracial. First and Foremost, according to Lucals argument of gender being persistent in our society to where we cannot avoid it, is very true. Men are known to be strong individuals who support and defend their families, whereas; women are gentle, motherly, kind and giving. The two genders are believed to be separate with different traits and born with different qualities. This is not true because as a culture we have established and defined these gender roles over times which seems natural to us now. There are many ladies with masculine features and at first sight, the casual observer may carelessly assign them to the opposite gender; the case is replicated among the males who do not have the perceived masculine features. Both men and women have body hair and while it is regular for the male to keep the hair, females get rid of it. There are women who dont want to get rid of their hair but does that make them not a woman anymore? Lucal experienced this dilemma and more daily which is very di sturbing to her. The assumption that she is a man is upsetting, the panic in the ladies eyes every time she enters a ladys restroom, the need to double check her identity every time she identifies herself and the whispers about her is irritating. I agree with the Lucal, that while we are biologically assigned a certain gender, we do not have to necessarily appear like what the society expects us to. In addition to agreeing with Lucal on gender performance, in the text she states how she tried to appear more feminine, I let my hair grow nearly down to my shoulders and had it permed, I also grew long fingernails and wore nail polish (Lucal 789). To lessen Lucals experiences of gender blending as experiences of harassment, she fails to recognize the issue she is trying to indorse. Although this objection was given, she chooses in the end to not participate in femininity. Lucal also stated, why I decided to continue my nonparticipation in femininity was that my sociological training suggested that this could be one of my contributions to the eventual dismantling of patriarchal gender constructs (Lucal 793). Lucal seems to feel liberated by her experiences because she feels she is helping to deconstruct an unbending and harmful binary. She would respond to this by expanding the category of woman to include people like her in our gender system because she does identify herself as a wo man and not as a man or as someone outside of the two and only two categories. Lastly, basing Lucals argument that gender is a social construct we are left with the questions to whether the same applies to race. Both are socially constructed that often determine how individuals are viewed and treated by others and where each person falls in an unbending and oppressive hierarchy. There have been cases of people who belong to a certain race and their genes are of a certain race, but they claim feeling trapped in a different skin color. While Lucal was right in the gender assignment case, the transracial case is a bit far-fetched. Lucals experiences are a product of gender and not the color of her skin white. What I strongly disagree with is the notion that a person who is transgender can also be transracial. The fact that a person is biologically of a certain race and deep inside he or she feels that they belong to another race is completely wrong. The idea stems from racism and the portrayal of a certain race being superior to another. People who exhibit this co ndition are reverse racists who believe that if they were of a different race they would automatically get the privileges that the new race enjoy. All in all, gender and race are both social constructs but that does not mean that they are both morally acceptable. We are biologically assigned to a certain gender, but we do not have to appear like what society expects us to. It is unlikely that gender is biologically determined because learning gender is a social practice that begins before a child is even born. I agree with Betsy Lucal upon gender being so persuasive in our society, although I have made an objection to her gender bending and lastly, I disagree with someone being transracial, even if they were transgender. Gender was constructed by society and has placed limitations and restrictions on those that do not follow the gender rules.

The Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay

The Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stress disorder occurs after a person is exposed to a terrifying ordeal which causes either grave physical or psychological harm where harm was threatened. It can become an extremely debilitating disorder to the persons life. The person can have problems interacting in social and family life, occupational instability and the breakdown of marriages can occur. The disorder is triggered after traumatic events such as violent personal assaults such as mugging or rape, or to family, natural disasters such as earthquakes, accidents such as car crashes, human disasters such as 9/11 and after military combat such as the soldiers who fought in†¦show more content†¦Stimulus generalisation is the tendency for stimuli similar to an original stimulus involved in a learning situation to produce the response originally acquired. Behavioural psychologists suggest that a person produces a fear reaction to the trauma situation; this fear is then produced again in response to a similar stimulus, due to classical conditioning. Evidence for this theory was produced by Pavlov (1927) who conducted experiments were dogs were presented with stimuli that elicited fear responses. The dogs associated these stimuli with particular environmental cues. When these stimuli were produced in front of the dogs the fear response was expressed. Evidence against the theory is that classical conditioning cannot be the only mechanism involved in PTSD, since not everyone who is exposed to a traumatic event develops the disorder. Cognitive explanation PTSD evolve due to a person not processing the traumatic memories. Not processing the memories occurs due to the person keeping busy with socially valued life roles. Therefore the memories do not get integrated into a persons view about the world. To stop the symptoms of PTSD the cognitive explanation suggests that people must process their traumatic experiences and integrate them into their world views, once they have thought about their experience the responses associated with it will go.Show MoreRelatedIron M Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1187 Words   |  5 Pages Iron Man: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Michael Mills The Field School Mental disorders have been a problem around the world for many centuries. There are many different types of mental disorders as well as degree level that people can suffer from. Many people go through life never being diagnosed or treated for their mental disorder. Some people are diagnosed with multiple disorders at one time. One mental illness that has been around since the 1600’s, thatRead MoreHolden Caulfield Is On His Own Psychological Journey1450 Words   |  6 Pagestriggered by the traumatic event of his brother, Allie, dying 4 years prior. The death of Allie has affected Holden in all aspects of his life, including friends, school, actions, and thoughts. This causes concern in Holden’s parents. They are concerned with his health and well-being, therefore send Holden to a rehab center. His parents fear that Holden may have Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder, and have him psychoanalyzed. So, Holden struggles with post-traumatic stress disorder because he showsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. 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The purpose of the needs assessment is to pinpoint the needs for counselors to assist clients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The population of interest is teens diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The stakeholders are teenagers and their parents. Goal of the Needs Assessment The guiding question that needsRead More Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pages There are hundreds of different kinds of psychiatric disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). One of them is called Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 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Body Modification for Cultural Adaptation Essay - 1277 Words

How should I look like to have the ideal body? An increasing number of women ask themselves this question many times in their lives. Deborah Sullivan’s essay, â€Å"Social Bodies: Tightening the Bonds of Beauty†, discloses the different cultural traditions that require various methods of body modifications. Women should undergo such modifications to obtain social acceptance. Similarly, â€Å"Pressures to Conform† by Celia Milne discusses the effects of media and society on women, and how women view their physical appearance. The media gives women a plethora of choices for the perfect body and even provides ways on how to achieve them. There is no escaping. There is no excuse of not getting the ideal body that ranges from that of a stick-thin ramp†¦show more content†¦Women’s physical appearance change with their roles in society. From homemakers with feminine, hourglass figures, women eventually filled positions in offices and went to work. It was in 1941 to 1951 that one of the surges in the clerical work was â€Å"accompanied by a clear feminization trend† (A History of Women and Work 10). Later, the number of single mothers increased. Women learned to take on responsibilities that are usually shared with another parent. As Sullivan quoted Hewitt, â€Å"the acute awareness of feeling alive induced by pain† replaces their psychological issues with a â€Å"euphoric feeling of mastery† (544). Undergoing strenuous activities to stay fit to the extent of getting underweight gives a feeling that could be similar to that attained from painful body modifications like tattooing. In order for single mothers to be able to fulfill their duties at work and at home, they had to build stronger physiques. This also doubles as a confidence boost to remind them that they are capable of doing well in raising their families. This body requirement could eventually become obsessing. As members of society, women want to feel that they belong. 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Critique on Distinctive Features Free Essays

Andrew Ike B. Waga ENG 106 Dec. 14, 2011 2010-53632 Trubetzkoy, Jakobson or Chomsky, Whose Distinctive Features are truly â€Å"Distinct†? â€Å"Teacher, teacher, Help me, I have just been side swiped by a car! † These were the exact words that came out from the mouth of the school’s resident hooligan, Kevin, one afternoon after class. We will write a custom essay sample on Critique on Distinctive Features or any similar topic only for you Order Now During those times, our school has been intensively campaigning for every student to speak English at least while on campus, in preparation for the coming PAASCU (Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges) visit, we were so prepped up that we were even speaking in English outside school â€Å"just in case the Assessors are just loitering around, observing† our teachers would say. So one afternoon, after finding not much to do, Kevin, decided he wanted to show his antics to us, saying that he is planning to pull off a prank on our school’s English Coordinator, and our class adviser as well, we had a carefully laid out plan, he would be rushing from the street towards our school gate while we convince our teacher to approach the gate as well, and then he shouted, the exact words on quotation, except that he pronounced swiped as /s? ?pd/. Our teacher, knowing Kevin’s reputation, was already sensing that she was a bait to a good laugh, calmly yet in an authoritarian manner said, â€Å"side swipe! s? aIp/ Next time, Kevin, try pronouncing the words well, so as not to lose your momentum, there’s always a next time! † with her signature smirk. I remembered this incident while reading about Natural classes, I am very sure that my teacher knew what Kevin meant, since all of us thought that Kevin’s pronunciation of that word was corre ct as far as we were concerned, until the jokes went back to Kevin. Growing up in a city that speaks Cebuano, it is inevitable for some English words to get that â€Å"bisaya† flavour, like the occasional /p/ becomes an /f/ or the letter h is pronounced as /? ? / and many more, but nevertheless, besides deviating from what we know as a â€Å"standard† for American English, we pretty much understood each other despite the glitches. And so I thought, why was it necessary to dwell on the distinctive features of sounds when the main importance has been served, comprehension. But then, I had to understand that it is necessary so that I would know just how these sounds are related to be viewed as almost interchangeable, just how â€Å"similar† was similar? Hence, we go to the distinctive features of sounds. In dealing with Distinctive features, I focused first on the work of Trubetzkoy, most people would start with Jakobson before Trubetzkoy but I saw that it was Trubetzkoy who first saw Phonetics and Phonology as separate disciplines. He mentioned that form (contrast, system patterning) must be studied separately from substance (acoustics, articulation). Hence, there was a greater concentration on sounds first before they are seen as words. It was Trubetzkoy who introduced the idea of â€Å"oppositions† in Phonology which he mentioned in his primary work, GrundzUge der phonologie  (1939). Oppositions would refer to a pair or set of sounds sharing the same feature that is not shared with any other sounds. Here are some of Trubetzkoy’s Oppositions: a) Bilateral oppositions A bilateral opposition refers to a pair sounds that share a set of features which no other sound shares fully. For example, voiceless labial obstruents =  /p,f/. Note that obstruents are defined as having a degree of stricture greater than that of approximants (that is, stops and fricatives). b) Multilateral oppositions A group of more than 2 sounds which share common features. For example, labial obstruents,/p,b,f,v/, are both labial and obstruents, so they share two features. c) Privative (Binary) Oppositions One member of a pair of sounds possesses a mark, or feature, which the other lacks. Such features are also known as  binary  features which a sound either possesses or lacks. Voicing is such a feature. A sound is voiced or NOT voiced. The sound which possesses that feature is said to be  marked  (eg  [+voice]) whilst the sound lacking the feature is  unmarked  (eg. [-voice]). d) Gradual Oppositions The members of a class of sounds possess different degrees or gradations of a feature or property. For example, the three short front unrounded vowels in English  /? ,  e,  ? /  which are distinguished only by their height. In this system height would be a single feature with two or more degrees of height. As of present times, when Chomsky and Halle’s set of Distinctive features are accessible to us, this would seem very broad and general, hence, not really dwelling into more specific details. But this jumpstarted the notion that sounds share similar qualities and it is crucial for the development of his friend, Jakobson’s own Distinctive Feature Theory. Jakobson is known as the first one to formalize the Distinctive Feature Theory. He followed the findings of Trubetzkoy as one of his basis for building up his set of distinctive features. Jakobson’s original formulation of the Distinctive Feature Theory aside from Trubetzkoy was based on the ff. Ideas: (1) All features are BINARY. Sounds are either [+voice] or [-voice] (2) A small set of features is able to differentiate between the phonemes of any single language. (3) Distinctive features may be defined in terms of articulatory or acoustic features. Here is a table showing Jakobson’s Distinctive Features: Though, the advantage of Jakobson’s set is that it also has an acoustic description, I do think that the articulatory description is sufficient enough, since after articulating the sound we hear the sound we produced ourselves and yet not at all times would people share the same acoustic descriptions to their produced sound, because we all have our own ways of pronouncing sounds, hence, I think that the acoustic description should be left for the speaker to describe and not defined by Jakobson’s description. Jakobson’s idea was a good starting point for Chomsky and Halle’s own set of distinctive features. With Jakobson’s Distinctive features serving as a terminus a quo for Chomsky and Halle, they were able to refine Jakobson’s set of features. A great achievement done by this duo is that they were able to establish the idea of â€Å"Natural Classes†. The aim is to carefully choose distinctive features to form a natural class of phonemes. An advantage of this approach is seen in writing Phonological rules hence, we get to understand why we can still comprehend to some words though they are mispronounced. Another is that if we are to choose the features well, it should be possible to refer to natural classes of phonemes with a smaller number of features, therefore allowing a more refined set of characteristics to describe the phonemes involved in a natural class. Chomsky and Halle also introduced the feature classifications such as the major class features, the manner features and the place features thus paving the way for a more organized description in giving characteristics of phonemes. Chomsky and Halle was able to answer the concerns of redundancy when giving features, which is found in Generative Phonology, a component of generative grammar that assigns the correct phonetic representations to  utterances  in such a way as to reflect a native speaker’s internalized grammar. Given the current situation, I would have to choose Chomsky and Halle’s Theory of Distinctive Features as the most functional, because it is able to give more specific descriptions as compared to Trubetzkoy and Jakobson. Since we have established that Chomsky and Halle’s set gives the most detailed, comprehensive and most organized distinctive features, it would be best to follow their findings. But It is also important to note that without the ideas of Trubetzkoy and Jakobson in the Distinctive Feature theory, Chomsky and Halle’s own theory would not be as it is today, not able to answer loopholes and deficiencies found in the previous studies. So for me, it is like a ladder, one has to go through the intial steps first before reaching your destination, because as what my teacher would have said, â€Å"so as not to lose your momentum. † Bibliography How to cite Critique on Distinctive Features, Essay examples

E-Commerce Business Consultant APIC

Question: Discuss about theE-Commercefor Business Consultant APIC. Answer: Introduction The report is about providing solutions to a company named Amanda Jane horse Wear by a business consultant APIC. Amanda Jane Horse Wear is seeking help from the consultant firm about the adoption of e-commerce system. It is seen that all the companies are gong digital and are adopting e-commerce systems to increase their sales and brand image in the marketplace. The traditional modes of advertisement and promotions incur more cost to the company when compared to digital modes of promotion. The company is into selling horse riding wears by the horse riders. It is a niche type of category. However, these types of businesses are rare in the market. Getting digital for the company will be profitable both for increased sales and brand image. The report will describe about various forms of e-commerce systems along with issues and benefits of the different variations of e-commerce systems. Apart from that, the backgrounds of the problem of the company along with the preferred mode of e-comm erce systems are also explained in details in the report. The report will help the owner of Amanda Jane Horse Wear to decide whether they will go for adopting various e-commerce systems or not. The section of e-commerce section will describe about the overview and meaning of e-commerce in business. After that, the issues and benefits will illustrate about the benefits and the problems the company will face on going digital. Recommendations section will point the best systems of e-commerce that will suit the needs of the company. Background The background of the report will constitutes about the background of the company that seeks solution to the consultant for boosting their sales. Apart from that, this section will also describe the problems faced in the market. The type of e-commerce solutions that will be provided to the company will also be mentioned in this section. Amanda Jane Horse Wear is a company that is focused in selling limited range of apparels to the horse riders or people that are associated to the horse riding. In the case study, it has mentioned that the company does not sell its products into any types of specialist services. The company sells its various apparels into various horse events. The most important thing is that, the entrepreneur has felt the need of going digital for increasing the sales of its products. In the offline mode, the sales depend on word of mouth. The reason of going digital is to compete with the business with the other retailers and suppliers that are associated with sellin g of apparels of horse riders. Another important fact is that, since the business belongs to niche category, it can charge premium prices for the apparels and other accessories that people use during horse riding. The company has felt that the expected sales are not meeting up to the expectations. The sales are depended on the Word of Mouth (WOM) promotion. For some reasons, in the horse events, the sales are not meeting to the satisfactory level. However, the company is expecting more sales of its products. Amanda Jane Horse Wear is in dilemma whether it should adopt e-commerce systems or not. It is mentioned in the case study that the company has approached to the APIC Business Consulting firm to explain about the strategy that the company should undertake in the field of e-commerce. The strategy must highlight the problems and benefits that the company may face while implementing the strategy in the particular field. The consultant will provide a detailed analysis on the various types of trends of e-commerce approaches that companies are using nowadays to increase the sales and the reputation of the company. The strategies must focus on the fact in a way so that it can engage customers in t heir online channels as well as conversion of the viewers into potential customers (Felfernig et al., 2013). The main target of formulating online strategies is to increase the Word of Mouth Promotion and increasing the customer base of the company. Ecommerce Systems Electronic commerce is known as e-commerce. It is the facilitation of selling products and services to the target customers using internet, social media channels and computer systems. Many technologies are associated with the trading using e-commerce systems such as online transaction processing, mobile commerce, internet marketing, electronic funds transfer, and various types of automated systems of data collection (Wang et al., 2012). Apart from that, the companies for going digital use the system of World Wide Web. As per the case study, the company must have specific aims such as developing websites of online shopping in order to sale products to the target customers (Yoon et al., 2013). The company can adopt many application software and information systems for getting started in the digital online platforms. Amanda Jane Horse Wear before adopting e-commerce systems must be aware of the possible advantages and problems of using various software in the operations of the company ( Park et al., 2012). The issues and benefits of e-commerce systems are described in the following in a detailed manner. Many factors are kept into consideration by the company while implementing systems of e-commerce in improving the sales as well as improving the image of the brand among the target customers (Kou, 2013). The e-commerce systems that will be used by the companies must comply with the rules and regulations of the government. Besides this, there are various types of e-commerce systems such as business-to-business (B to B), business to consumers (B to C), consumer to administration (C to A), consumer to consumer (C to C), business to administration(B to A), and consumer to business (C to B) (Tang et al., 2013). As per the context of the case study, business to consumers systems of e-commerce should be used by the company to interact with the customers along with the viewers of the website. The company must gain an understanding of the various aspects of the integration of e-commerce systems before implementing any methods in the operations department (Da Costa, 2016). Meaning of E Commerce The term e-commerce has a broader meaning. E-commerce systems are the methods and approaches that use computers, internets and other online platforms in order to accomplish the specific purpose of the company. The company will be using approaches and methods of business to consumer systems of e-commerce (Chiu et al., 2014). Along with the implementation of systems, the purpose of integration of variations of e-commerce systems along with the business application. The motive of the systems integration not only focuses on the improved sales but also it will change the whole interface of the business in the future (Wang Zhang, 2013). Some features are to be utilized by the company to develop the service of the online selling of products. They are instant messaging, social networking, pretail, digital wallet, application development and other approaches of online payment options. SWOT analysis of the company along with the PESTEL analysis is necessary for getting the best results on int egration of new systems of e-commerce by the company (Chen Wang, 2013). Issues and Benefits With the advent of technology, the traditional method of conducting business has been replaced, by the digital method, whereby the purchase as well as the sale of the products can be carried out via a variety of electronic channels, such as the Internet (Choi, 2013). The e-commerce itself is a dynamic method, that has also evolved over the last few years in a considerable way. From the case study, it has been observed that Amada Jane Horse Wear is an emerging organization, that has not yet achieved enormous recognition in the consumer world. Hence, the first step, the organization should take is that it must set up its 24*7 online presence, so that it can reach out to a wider mass in a short span of time. In a highly competitive market, an organization simply does not exist, if it fails to make its presence felt. The Amanda Jane Horse Wear, by creating a website, can provide necessary information to the potential consumers, whereby they will be able to have a comprehensive knowledge about the items and the nature of the service offered by the organization (Yang et al., 2016). It should be noted here, that very few organizations deal with the sale of the horse riding apparels, and hence the consumers prefer to purchase the products from the small retail stores. However, a new organization like Amanda Jane Horse Wear, can easily gain prominence in the market, and draw the attention of the interested consumers. Another remarkable advantage of e-commerce, for the organization, is that it can offer 24*7 assistance to the consumers. The creation of a website, or a social media page, can not only render the organization the popularity and recognition, it requires, but will also help in updating the consumers about a new product introduced, or a latest discount offer provided (Davis et al., 2012). Thus, e-commerce enables an organization have easy interaction with the consumers that not only builds up a valuable relation, creating a loyal customer base, but also offers them the relevant, readily available information. Another remarkable benefit of e-commerce is that it facilitates an organization to replace direct marketing by virtual marketing. The selling location of the organization is fixed, and as it does not have any branch, the consumers are less likely to have sufficient information about the fixed retail location of the organization. On the other hand, once the organization has created its online presence via a website, it can offer the sale of its products via the online platform. The organization has not yet emerged as one of the large organizations of the world, and hence selling the goods online is a discreet option (Wang Wang, 2016). Nowadays, the consumers usually lack the time and energy to visit the physical shops in person, and hence considering the fact, the organization can offer its products via online platforms. The official page of the organization can have a contact number, an email id and other details, so that the consumers can contact the concerned authority, and order the goods they intend to purchase. The home delivery can help the company gain competitive advantage, besides offering it the recognition it requires (Colla Lapoule, 2012). However, while introducing the e-commerce infrastructure in the organization, there is a variety of factors that require to be considered by the organization. One of the important issues that can pose serious threat to the organization is the security issue (Crew Brennan, 2014). The most recognized organizations also suffered from the problem of online hacking of information that has potentially damaged the reputation of the organization. Hence, the organization is required to build up a strong risk assessment and management system to safeguard its confidential information, and that would undoubtedly imply a huge investment. Besides, it should be remembered that it would mean additional responsibility for the existent employees, and a proper process of monitoring and controlling the e-commerce activities, would be required, that in turn would imply that the employees would have to work in a more dedicated way, investing more time and skills for the same (Barnes, 2013). Though this c an be compensated by the rise in pay scale in subsequent period, it should be noted that during the initial phase of the change management, the whole idea may not be accepted by the employees, and the resistance if not properly dealt with, can lead to retention problem. Current Trends and Examples in E Commerce The e-commerce each day is evolving itself, and assuming an important role in the world of business. Hence, it is important to discuss and explain the recent innovative techniques, introduced by different organization all across the world. At present, the consumers are too occupied with their own works, and hence fail to find out sufficient time to visit the physical retail shops (Lee, 2013). Hence, a huge number of organizations have introduced the mobile commerce concept, whereby the consumers can visit the official page of the organization, and can order the products, after selecting from a variety of available options. While the consumer does not require to visit the shop in person, he can also make the payment via online payment channels, such as PayPal or Google Wallet. While this method captures the attention of the consumers because of the convenient shopping experience they can avail, it can also help the organization grow (Li, 2016). It should be noted that research reports suggest that while making purchase online, the consumers are likely to make investment in a product more swiftly and easily, and tend to be influenced to purchase the products. A few organizations, which enjoy strong financial condition, also create their organizational apps, which the consumer can download, as and when required, and thereby avail the facilities offered by the organization. The apps on being downloaded by the consumers, can offer them the opportunity to gain instant access to the relevant information about the products, as and when necessary, and is a much time consuming and energy saving process of making transactions. A few organizations, in order to look after the needs and convenience of the consumers are also offering Live Chat support facility, that helps in creating an immediate point of connection with the respective consumers (Stern, 2013). The social media marketing has replaced the traditional method of marketing. With a huge number of people keeping an eye on the social network sites, the organizations have also lately created various social media pages, where by posting relevant attractive content, via interesting stories, the organizations have succeeded in drawing attention of the consumers. In addition, target marketing has also become a possibility in recent times, owing to Google Analytics, and as such the organizations can promote its products to the relevant consumers, based on the demographic information available. Moreover, what is new in the market is the concept of video marketing that has replaced the idea of ordinary social media content marketing. Many organizations upload the educative and entertaining videos, on social networking sites, such as Instagram or even on Facebook, that helps in fascinating the consumers, and evoking an interest in the products and service offered by the organization. The v ideo marketing as a latest trend, helps in increasing the client conversation and interaction with the brand, making the content more shareable so that it can reach a large number of consumers over a short span of time. The concept of video marketing has become largely popular among different business organizations, and while some organizations employ YouTube to connect with the consumers, some other organizations rely on apps, such as Vine and Instagram for connecting with the consumers, via video marketing strategies (Rigas Hussain, 2016). Recommendation The use of electronic communications can help Amanda Jane Horse Wear gain competitive advantage. However, the organization here is required to adopt a few important steps. First of all, it is required to create an official website page, that has an attractive appearance, and is also consumer-friendly, in the sense, that it is easy to navigate, and offers every bit of relevant information to the consumers (Mohapatra, 2013). It must not only share highly informative content about the organization, but must also have a comment section, whereby the consumers can freely ventilate their feedbacks or suggestions about the product. However, it is to be noted here, that the organization must employ marketing managers, who will be in charge of monitoring the feedbacks provided by the consumers on the website page or the social networking sites, and will also remove or delete any unfavorable comments posted (Chen et al., 2014). The organization must ensure that it has a strong e-commerce team, that facilitates quick and prompt response to the demands or inquiries of the consumers. The Amanda Jane Horse Wear organization, is required to establish a strong customer support tram, that can deliver service 24*7 via online platform. The website and the social pages created by the company, must offer a vividly descriptive and highly informed catalog that can help the consumer in making the purchase decision. Besides, the organization must also adopt important strategies to ensure that it is capable of attracting new consumers with search engine visibility. Above all, it should be noted, that the shift to e-commerce may strike the employees in an undesirable way, and hence before introducing the change, the management authority must inform the employees about the change, the reason behind the same as well as the ways in which the shift to e-commerce will benefit the organization, and the employees (Huang Benyoucef , 2013). Conclusion The report describes about the problems faced by Amanda Jane Horse Wear in selling its products in offline modes of selling. Therefore, the consultant has recommended the company to use different methods of e-commerce systems so that it cannot only attract huge customers but also it can accomplish the organizational goals. In the recommended sections, it is clearly mentioned that the company may develop a website along with social media marketing to engage the viewers in about the company and its products. It is seen that nowadays people are using internet for gathering any information regarding any products and services. Hence, internet is the option that can be used in an intelligent way so that people would get to know about the company. As the company belongs to the category of niche segment, hence the strategies of digital marketing must be formulated by keeping in concern with the demands of the customers along with the market trends. The modes of advertisement in the digital p latforms are found to be more advantageous when compared to traditional methods of advertisement. It is because, through online channels, the engagement of target customers are large in number than traditional billboards and magazines. The research of the e-commerce systems have described in the report so that the apparel company can gain a proper understanding of the various usage patterns and methods of the e-commerce systems. The report has pointed the approach and methods of digital platforms that will provide best results for increase in the profit generation of the company. If the company follows the recommendation provided by the consultant firms, then the company would be successful in gaining a good position in the market as well as generating more revenue from the customers. Reference List: Barnes Jr, M. L. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,611,919. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Chen, J. E., Pan, S. L., Ouyang, T. H. (2014). Routine reconfiguration in traditional companiese-commerce strategy implementation: A trajectory perspective.Information Management,51(2), 270-282. Chen, L., Wang, F. (2013). Preference-based clustering reviews for augmenting e-commerce recommendation.Knowledge-Based Systems,50, 44-59. Chiu, C. M., Wang, E. T., Fang, Y. H., Huang, H. Y. (2014). Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk.Information Systems Journal,24(1), 85-114. Choi, H., On, R., Varian, H. R. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,571,921. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Colla, E., Lapoule, P. (2012). E-commerce: exploring the critical success factors.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,40(11), 842-864. Crew, M. A., Brennan, T. J. (Eds.). (2014).The Role of the Postal and Delivery Sector in a Digital Age. Edward Elgar Publishing. Da Costa, E. (2016).Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. Mit Press. Davis, D. R., Morris, M. G., Hildreth, R., Haveson, R. A. (2012).U.S. Patent No. 8,239,286. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Felfernig, A., Jeran, M., Ninaus, G., Reinfrank, F., Reiterer, S. (2013). Toward the next generation of recommender systems: applications and research challenges. InMultimedia services in intelligent environments(pp. 81-98). Springer International Publishing. Huang, Z., Benyoucef, M. (2013). From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), 246-259. Kou, W. (Ed.). (2013).Payment technologies for e-commerce. Springer Science Business Media. Lee, I. (Ed.). (2013).Trends in E-Business, E-Services, and E-Commerce: Impact of Technology on Goods, Services, and Business Transactions: Impact of Technology on Goods, Services, and Business Transactions. IGI Global. Li, P. (2016). Current and Future Years of E-Commerce. Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US. Park, D. H., Kim, H. K., Choi, I. Y., Kim, J. K. (2012). A literature review and classification of recommender systems research.Expert Systems with Applications,39(11), 10059-10072. Rigas, D., Hussain, H. A. (2016, July). Interactive e-Branding in e-Commerce Interfaces: Survey Results and Implications. InInternational Conference on HCI in Business, Government and Organizations(pp. 457-467). Springer International Publishing. Stern, D., Brewster, M., Botha, Y. (2013). Tendencies and trends in e-commerce: business centre.TAXtalk, (40), 72-74. Tang, J., Hu, X., Liu, H. (2013). Social recommendation: a review.Social Network Analysis and Mining,3(4), 1113-1133. Wang, H. F., Wu, C. T. (2012). A strategy-oriented operation module for recommender systems in E-commerce.Computers Operations Research,39(8), 1837-1849. Wang, J., Zhang, Y. (2013, July). Opportunity model for e-commerce recommendation: right product; right time. InProceedings of the 36th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval(pp. 303-312). ACM. Wang, T., Wang, X., Wang, T. (2016).U.S. Patent No. RE46,140. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Yang, P. C., Lin, H. L., Hsieh, W. T. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 20,160,140,634. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Yoon, V. Y., Hostler, R. E., Guo, Z., Guimaraes, T. (2013). Assessing the moderating effect of consumer product knowledge and online shopping experience on using recommendation agents for customer loyalty.Decision Support Systems,55(4), 883-893.

International Trade Business and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the International Trade Business and Enterprise. Answer: Introduction There have been developments in the field of international trade along with underlying technology and legal framework which causes the business to be dynamic. The spread of modern organisations is not limited to just one nation or geography but tends to be global which enhances the overall complexity and paves way for legal issues in the wake of complying with various national and international laws, conventions and regulatory frameworks (Folsom et al., 2009). In the wake of this background, the applicable regulatory framework and international and domestic agreements that impact the operations of McDonalds in Australia would be highlighted. Multinational Corporation- McDonald One of the most prominent multinational organisations that has operations in Australia is McDonald. It has been accorded the reputation of being the fast food restaurant chain having the highest burger sale in the world. It offers a vast menu of customised fast food items and also runs a caf to provide various drinks and snacks. In Australia, McDonald has 90,000 staff which isused to run the operations of the company and offer superior services to customers (Mcdonalds, 2016). However, the global strength of the company in terms of employees is about 1.95 million. Globally, it is only the second largest private sector employer and is ranked after Walmart. The companys headquarter are situated in Illinois, United States. Regulatory framework For a particular multinational company that is operating away from home implies that it needs to be sensitive to the applicable legal regulatory guidelines which may be applicable in the geography of operation (Vickery Pendleton, 2006). This is the case with McDonald which intends to reach out to various stakeholders in a just manner, the most critical of these being customers and employees. Since the company lies in the service industry, hence the top management pays significant focus on ensuring that a diversified workplace is given a working ambience which is free from nepotism and discrimination. As a result, the company aims to provide equal opportunity to all potential employees so as to be a part of the team. By ensuring that that a healthy diversity is maintained and no discrimination is levied in any form against employees with disability, the company is abiding by Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Legislation, 2015). The aim of this act is to eliminate the incidence of discrimination in various fields including work. Besides, the acts aims to bring a change in the mind-set of the society with the underlying belief that the available fundamental rights to these individuals is absolutely same as those available to other members of the community. This act has relevance for an organisation like McDonald which has been a harbinger in promotion of diversity and providing opportunities for not only employment but also growth of these employees in the corporate ladder. The company functioning in Australia is proactive on the front of engaging people with disabilities in various capacities which is not only limited to acting as employees. The company has a dedicated Action Plan with regards to engagement with disable people as has been mandated by the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Legislation, 2015). The Action Plan essentially has seven main aspects which need to be implemented with dedication and compassion. The first step is development of policy and corporate planning which involves that suitable policy measures be introduced. Secondly, it is required that the organisation needs to be highly responsive to the need of people with disability in the capacity of customers or employees. The third requisite step is in the form of recruitment where such people with disability should be given fair share. The fourth step is to ensure awareness about disability and such people with the use of training. The fifth step in this regard is to ensure compliance which needs to be coupled with the sixth step that focuses on enhancing the existing facilities and building structures. This is vital so as to provide a comfortable working environment to people with disabilities where they can perform. The seventh and the final step is to ensure that evaluation of the plan is carried out in a period ic manner through feedback and requisite changes be made (Mcdonalds, 2016). As a result of having this Action Plan in place and complying with it on an ongoing basis, it ensures that the people with disabilities are provided their requisite rights, respect and facilities required at all the franchisees. Further, to improve the facilities on an ongoing basis, the company also engages in formation of programs for sustainability. Besides, the company also takes sincere and proactive efforts so as to enhance awareness about issues regarding people with disabilities amongst various stakeholders particularly the employees and customers so that these people with disability are seen with same respect and productivity at work which is true as the standard training imparted to each employee is the same and thereby their efficiency has to maintain a required level to keep up with the service standards associated with the organisation (Griffin Pustay, 2006). The company is order to comply with its legal responsibilities towards people with disabilities has also signed an employment charter that is directed towards people having any disability. (Mann, 2009). Visible changes have been brought after the charter signing as the efforts in certain parameters have been intensified. These include areas such as awareness of staff and customers, higher involvement of people with disability and greater opportunities in promotion to these individuals. The proactive conduct of the organisation along with steps taken for the employment and growth of people with disabilities has brought recognition to the company and stands as a testimony of organisations commitment towards the empowerment of such people through positive discrimination (McDonalds, 2016). As part of compliance with the act, the organisation has introduced key elements at the level of the corporate culture which provides for non-discrimination at all levels right from recruitment to training to promotion. The underlying driver at each of the stages is essentially the work productivity and dedication to work which is used for making decisions. This relentless focus of the organisation towards eliminating the social stigma of discrimination is apparent as the company not only limits to itself but has forged association with various community organisations that work in this aspect. Through such partnerships, the company encourages those talented individuals who have some disability and these are provided with work opportunity at outlets owned by the company or the franchisee. The fact that opportunity is provided to these individuals augers well as the performance then becomes the key criterion whereas the disability tends to take a backseat. Hence, it is evident on the b asis of the discussion conducted that the Action Plan formulated by the company to ensure prompt implementation of the Disability Discrimination Act has paid handsome dividends. Impact of treaties, conventions or agreements The main agreement that drives the operations of McDonalds in Australia is the McDonalds Australia Enterprise Agreement 2013. This agreement is responsible for defining the mode of functioning and the offered services for the Australian operations of the company. This agreement has been approved as per the Fair Work Act. The agreement in total consists of five main parts that are highlighted below (SDA, 2013). Clause Classification and Wage Rates Ordinary hours of work Leave and Public Holidays Schedule A Clause 3 of this agreement tends to deal with aspects such as employer, shift supervisor, weekly employee and related terms. The various terms are defined in a definitive manner without any ambiguity so as to maximise the transparency and objectivity. An example in this regard is the confusion which is often caused with regards to standard rate which in the agreement has been defined as the hourly wage rate of a level 2 employee and hence limit ambiguity and confusion (SDA, 2013). Using the agreement as an enabling tool, there have been efforts to being about quality standardization which is a pivotal aspect for McDonalds especially considering the global spread and the predominant franchise model. The Agreements Clause 6 related to the National Employment Standards and also aim to standardise the employment conditions by objectively defining this (FWC, 2013). These include a discussion of various topics such as leaves, working hours weekly permissible, long service leave etc. and hence provide clarity to both the employees and employers about the norms which are adhered to across every outlet in Australia. Further, Clause 9 highlights the terms of dispute settlement that are deployed by the organisation and thus makes the process transparent and just. It is common in the service industry that disputes arise with regards to service being provided to consumers. Such disputes between employee and employer if prolonged can adversely impact the delivered services and could be detrimental to the interests of the organisation. However, by deploying Clause 9, such disputes can be resolved in a prompt manner without biases and with the intervention of senior personnel such as supervisor or restaurant manager. If the dispute still is not resolved, then the assistance of the Fair Work Commission may be undertaken (Docplayer, 2016). Thus, the role of this clause in keeping a healthy working relationship between the employer and employees cannot be overstated. Further, at time there are cases when some employees tend to apply for long leaves without complying with the requisite legislation. Without proper and prior information about these leaves, there may be a shortfall of manpower that the organisation may face and this would have adverse impact on the performance of the organisation. In this regards, the agreement is of immense help since guidance is provided in the matter of long service leave in Clause 11 which needs to be complied with all employees of the organisation including the franchisees. This effectively ensures that cases of uninformed absenteeism are minimised and hence provides a big boost to scheduling and manpower planning (SDA, 2013). Further, there are instances when ambiguity is there with regards to the appropriate category of employees which can hamper effective division of work and accountability. The Clause 12-15 come to the rescue of the company in this regard. Clause 12 tends to highlight the three main categories of employees and effectively distinguishes amongst these. The conditions that need to be fulfilled to be classified as a full time employee are highlighted as per Clause 13 (SDA, 2013). This clause advocates that a full time employee must not work for more than six days a week in succession. Further, the average weekly hours for a full time employee are capped at 38 which are calculated on a four week cycle. Further, certain other provisions are also highlighted which need to be complied with by every employee who is full time. In accordance with Clause 14, a part time employee has been defined as an individual who tends to give a weekly work commitment of 10-36 hours. In regards to casual employ ee, Clause 15 states that such employees must be given not only the hourly pay rate extended to other employee but also casual loading over and above. Hence, it is apparent that with the deployment of these clauses, the various human resources issues are minimised and streamlined which ensures a motivated workforce driven by excellence and deliver quality service to consumers on a sustainable basis. Conclusion It is apparent from the discussion above that a MNC such as McDonald has significant challenges as it needs to comply not only with international norms but also the local laws and guidelines. These tend to have a significant impact on the operations of the organisation as is apparent from the Action Plan which McDonalds has put in place so as to comply with the Disability Discrimination Act. Additionally, for companies such as McDonalds which have presence globally, it is imperative to have service agreements which are derived from local laws, customs, norms but also seek to promote the global values for which the organisation stands for, In McDonalds case, McDonalds Australia Enterprise Agreement 2013 seems to be doing a befitting job which is responsible for the quality services extended to customers on an everyday basis, References Docplayer.net. (2016), MCDONALD'S Australia Enterprise Agreement 2013 Commissioner Bull Sydney, 24 JULY 2013. [online] Available at: https://docplayer.net/16084723-Mcdonald-s-australia-enterprise-agreement-2013-commissioner-bull-sydney-24-july-2013.html#show_full_text [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Folsom, R, Gordon, M, Spanogle, J 2009, International business transactions in a nutshell, Sage publications, London FWC 2013, McDonald's Australia Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/documents/agreements/fwa/ae402596.pdf [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Griffin, R Pustay, M 2006, International business. 6th ed., Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ Legislation 2015, Disability Discrimination Act 1992, [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2014C00013 [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Mann, T 2009, Australian law dictionary. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne Mcdonalds 2016, Macca's People | McDonald's Australia,[online] Available at: https://mcdonalds.com.au/about-maccas/people [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. SDA 2013. McDonald's Australia Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.sda.org.au/download/enterprise-agreements/MCDONALDS-Australia-Enterprise-Agreement-2013.pdf [Accessed 26 Aug. 2016]. Vickery, R Pendleton, W 2006, Australian business law, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall/Pearson Education Australia, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W